Modern South America is composed of 13 countries and it is home to a wide array of diverse environments. The seemingly arbitrary lines that define the political boundaries of South America, actually have an interesting story to tell. Rooted in geography, politics, and history, this book seeks to explore the history behind the borders in South America and explain the existence of peculiar territories. Features such as Colombia's panhandle with Peru, Chile's elongated shape, and Bolivia's two capital cities will be discussed in detail. While many of the political boundaries in the continent are undisputed, a few continue to raise tensions between neighboring countries, such as Venezuela's dispute with Guyana. As you go through this book I hope you enjoy the stories that contributed to the history of South America, and gain a new appreciation for the ambiguous shapes that form the geopolitical landscape of the region.